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Computational Ecology and Software, 2024, 14(1): 14-29
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Article

Phenotypes variability in Glossogobius guiris population using Geometric Morphometric Analysis with notes of physico-chemical parameters from Lake Mainit, Caraga Region, Philippines

C. C. Cabuga Jr1, J. M. D. Pondang1, A. J. R. Cornites2, P. S. Ejada2, R. B. Piloton2, M. K A. Angco3
1Department of Education, Senior High School, Del Pilar National High School, Cabadbaran City, Agusan Del Norte, 8600, Philippines
2Department of Education, Junior High School, Del Pilar National High School, Cabadbaran City, Agusan Del Norte, 8600, Philippines
3Department of Environment and Natural Resources, CENRO, Talisay, Nasipit, Agusan Del Norte, 8605, Philippines

Received 20 June 2023;Accepted 30 July 2023;Published online 30 August 2023;Published 1 March 2024
IAEES

Abstract
Shape, size, and structures are fundamental elements for species identification. While phenotypic variability among species of the same populations usually occurs. To understand this phenomenon modern techniques like geometric morphometrics were employed to distinguishbody shape differences. This study aimed to investigate the phenotypic variability of Glossogobius guiris with notes of physicochemical parameters in Lake Mainit, Caraga, Philippines. A total of 75 samples (35 males and 35 females) of the same size were collected and subjected to Symmetry and Asymmetry Geometric Data (SAGE) Software. Results showed that the physico-chemical parameters are within the standard levels suggested by the Department of Environment and Natural Resources (DENR) Environmental Management Bureau (EMB) in the freshwater category. It implied that the condition of the water in the Lake was suitable for all aquatic life. On the other hand, Procrustes ANOVA indicated a significant difference (P<0.0001) between female and male populations across the factors analyzed (Individuals, Sides, Individual x Sides) inferring phenotypic variations. On the other hand, Principal Component Analysis (PCA) revealed a high percentage of Fluctuating Asymmetry (FA) in the male populations (75.86%) and female populations (64.74%). This indicates a wide range of morphological dissimilarities and these significant levels of FA are attributed to the modifications in the genetic composition of the populations resulting in observable physical traits. Ultimately, the advancement of using geometric morphometric analysis provides important evidence showing how species of the same population differ morphologically.

Keywords freshwater;coordinates;landmarks;morphology;shape.


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