WenJun Zhang International Academy of Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Hong Kong, China; School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China Computational Ecology and Software ISSN 2220-721X http://www.iaees.org/publications/journals/ces/online-version.asp 2024 14 2 119 136 International Academy of Ecology and Environmental Sciences Hong Kong 16 November 2024 22 December 2024 1 June 2024 community structure species composition community evenness Ewens-Caswell neutrality model non-parametric test The comparison of structural difference between biological communities and the evenness or diversity test of biological communities are always the focus in community studies. In present study, two computational tools were developed to conduct non-parametric statistical tests of between-community structural difference, among which a tool is for multi-samples comparison and the other is for single-sample comparison. Various distance measures are available for user's choice. Two computational tools were developed to test community evenness and one tool was based on the randomization test proposed in present study and the other was based on Ewens-Caswell neutrality model. The computational tools include both online and offline versions and can be used on various computing devices (PCs, iPads, smartphones, etc.), operating systems (Windows, Mac, Android, Harmony, etc.) and web browsers (Chrome, Firefox, etc). They can be used in the sciences as ecology and biology, etc.ws, Mac, Android, Harmony, etc.) and web browsers (Chrome, Firefox, etc). They can be used in the sciences as ecology and biology, etc. http://www.iaees.org/publications/journals/ces/articles/2024-14(2)/structure-comparison-evenness-test-biological-communities.pdf