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Environmental Skeptics and Critics, 2014, 3(4): 65-82
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The bisphenol A toxicological paradox: The more we learn the less we know for sure

Francisco J.R. Paumgartten, Ana C.A.X. De-Oliveira
Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Department of Biological Sciences, National School of Public Health - FIOCRUZ, Brazil

Received 11 July 2014;Accepted 15 August 2014;Published online 1 December 2014
IAEES

Abstract
Despite the overwhelming need for toxicological data on unstudied substances, a search in Pubmed reveals >7300 entries for a single chemical (bisphenol A, BPA), most of which published in the last 25 years. BPA, a component of plastics and resins and a putative xenoestrogen, is certainly the molecule for which there are more studies in the toxicological literature. It was reported that fetal / perinatal exposures of mice to BPA (in the ppb range) alter prostate weight in adult males, and cause persistent changes of mammary gland morphogenesis in females. Several studies, however, failed to replicate these findings. More recently, debate on BPA health risks was boosted by a few cross-sectional epidemiology studies that reported associations between total-BPA (in urine) and cardiovascular diseases, diabetes and other health problems. The urine levels, however, reflect recent BPA exposures (within hours), and aforementioned disorders start much earlier in individuals' life.

Keywords endocrine disrupting chemicals;prostate hyperplasia;mammary gland;cancer;developmental toxicity;xenoestrogens.

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