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Ornamental and Medicinal Plants, 2027, 10(1-4): 1-5
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Article

Curcumin: From molecules to markets

WenJun Zhang
School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China; International Academy of Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Hong Kong

Received 22 February 2026;Accepted 10 March 2026;Published online 30 March 2026;Published 1 September 2027
IAEES

Abstract
Curcumin, the principal curcuminoid derived from the rhizome of Curcuma longa (turmeric), has been a molecule of immense scientific interest for decades. This review provides a comprehensive overview of curcumin, encompassing its historical context, detailed pharmacological properties, underlying molecular mechanisms, clinical trial outcomes, and its journey in industrial applications. Despite its promising multifaceted bioactivities-including potent anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anticancer, antimicrobial, and neuroprotective effects-its therapeutic translation has been hampered by poor aqueous solubility, low systemic bioavailability, and rapid metabolism. Advances in nanoparticle-based delivery systems and formulation technologies are actively addressing these limitations. While numerous preclinical studies robustly support its health benefits, clinical evidence remains mixed, necessitating larger, well-designed trials. In the non-pharmaceutical sector, curcumin enjoys widespread use as a natural colorant, preservative, and nutraceutical. Future research should focus on optimizing delivery, identifying specific biomarkers for patient stratification, and conducting rigorous phase III clinical trials to definitively establish its efficacy in various disease conditions.

Keywords curcumin;turmeric;bioavailability;clinical trials;nanodelivery;nutraceutical;inflammation;oxidative stress.


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