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Proceedings of the International Academy of Ecology and Environmental Sciences, 2013, 3(1): 1-24
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Article

Studies on biodegradation and molecular characterization of 2,4-D Ethyl Ester and Pencycuron induced Cyanobacteria by using GC-MS and 16S rDNA sequencing

J. I. Nirmal Kumar1, Manmeet Kaur Amb1, Rita N Kumar2, Anubhuti Bora1, Shamiyan R Khan1
1P.G. Department of Environmental Science and Technology, Institute of Science and Technology for Advanced Studies and Research (ISTAR), Vallabh Vidya Nagar, 388 120, Gujarat, India
2NV Patel College for Pure and Applied Sciences, Vallabh Vidya Nagar, 388 120, Gujarat, India

Received 3 October 2012;Accepted 6 November 2012;Published online 1 March 2013
IAEES

Abstract
GC-MS study and molecular characterization by 16S rDNA amplification were carried out to evaluate differential effects of 2,4-D ethyl ester and pencycuron on Anabaena fertilissima, Aulosira fertilissima and Westiellopsis prolifica. Each organism has its own capacity to degrade both pesticides into various subgroups depending largely upon the main functional group of each individual pesticide. Hence, different subgroups like 2,4-D methyl ester, 2,4-D isobutyl ester, Isobutyric acid allyl ester, 3-Bromobutyric acid, 2,4-D butyl ester, Hydroxyurea, Trifluroacetic acid, 2-Methyl propyl ester, Acetic acid 2-propenyl ester and Acetic acid (2,3-dichlorophenoxy) were transformed from 2,4-D ethyl ester while Benzoxazole was the only compound generated from pencycuron treated W. prolifica. The results obtained by 16S rDNA sequencing confirmed that 16S rDNA region of Anabaena fertilissima was more affected by 2,4-D ethyl ester as there was no homology in the region of 39 basepairs, in addition, several mismatches and gaps were observed, whereas less difference in 16S rDNA was observed in case of Aulosira fertilissima and W. prolific on forth day. However, there was no significant change in the sequence of 16S rDNA pattern of all the three test organisms after 16-days of exposure to pencycuron treatment.

Keywords cyanobacteria;degradation;GC-MS;16S rDNA sequencing;pencycuron;2,4-D ethyl ester.


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