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Proceedings of the International Academy of Ecology and Environmental Sciences, 2014, 4(1): 39-49
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Article

Physiological tolerance and cation accumulation of different genotypes of Capsicum annum under varying salinity stress

Muhammad Afzal1, Awais Ahmad1, Ali Abdullah Alderfasi1, Adel Ghoneim2, Mohammad Saqib3
1Department of Plant Production, College of Food and Agricultural Sciences, King Saud University, 2460, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
2Department of Soil Sciences, College of Food and Agricultural Sciences, King Saud University, 2460, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
3Department of Agronomy, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Pakistan

Received 5 November 2013;Accepted 10 December 2013;Published online 1 March 2014
IAEES

Abstract
A greenhouse experiment was demonstrated to compare tolerance ability of four genotypes (Desi, Sanam, Kundri, Asia Bok) of Capsicum annum L. under different levels of saline stress (i.e., control, 40, 80 and 120 mM NaCl). Growth parameters (root, shoot; fresh and dry weight) and physiological (Na+, K+, Ca++, concentration, stomatal conductance, transpiration rate, photosynthetic rate, chlorophyll a, b contents) indicators were analyzed to determine tolerability of genotypes. The results indicated that, all genotypes tolerated only under low level of salinity stress (40 mM NaCl) while a severe growth suppress in general was observed at higher levels (80 and 120 mM NaCl). Asia Bok was found more sensitive to salinity with 0.626 g shoot fresh weight whereas Desi (1.103g) is comparatively salt tolerant under 120mMNaCl. Chlorophyll a and b contents and transpiration rate decreases with increases in salinity level in all genotypes with almost similar trend. Na+ accumulation increase with increase in salinity level but found maximum (14 mg g-1DW) in Asia Bok while minimum (10.8 mg g-1DW) in Desi. However K+ contents behave reversely to salt concentration and was recorded maximum in Desi (33 mg g-1DW) at maximum (120 mM NaCl concentration). Stomata conductance and transpiration rate was found maximum in Desi as compare to the all other three genotypes under all salinity levels except control. For all above physiological determinants Sanam and Asia Bok have similar behavior while Desi and Kundri have diversified under all salinity levels. Correlation between varieties and salinity resulted that continuous increase in salinity affected growth, physiological aspects and cation accumulation in chilies.

Keywords salinity;genotypes;growth;physiology;tolerance.


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