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Proceedings of the International Academy of Ecology and Environmental Sciences, 2024, 14(2): 60-74
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Ecologically-Informed approaches: International mechanisms for navigating environmental challenges and ensuring sustainability in the oil and gas exploration and production industry

Bhupali Saikia, Saira Gori
Department of Law, Gujarat National Law University, Attalika Avenue, Knowledge Corridor, Koba, Gandhinagar, 382426, Gujarat, India

Received 21 January 2024;Accepted 28 February 2024;Published online 31 March 2024;Published 1 June 2024
IAEES

Abstract
With regard to the world's primary energy sources, the oil and gas industry is regarded globally as one of the leading industries in the energy sector, one that significantly contributes to the global economy. They create impossible environmental hazards during their exploration and production processes, primarily in the form of pollution, which exacerbates climate change, disturbs animals and ecology, damages public areas, and endangers the nearby residents. The majority of the nation enhanced the procedures and operations of the nenergy sector by conserving and utilizing the nation's natural resources in order to achieve economic growth and development. To mitigate such environmental challenges and the consequences through their activities, various international organizations and institutions work to structure, strengthen the environmental provisions and the applicability during their operation. The purpose of this study is to investigate the global regulatory frameworks that govern the exploration and production (E&P) in oil and gas with respect to environmental issues. In addition to examining the structure, policies, and decision-making procedures of organizations like the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC), the Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC), and the International Energy Agency (IEA), among others, the research will concentrate on sustainability issues in E&P activities while extracting natural resources from the environment for economic benefit. The management of the E&P industry and global energy governance would be significantly altered by the protective lighting this study investigation would bring to bear. Implementing international agreements is fraught with difficulties, such as weak enforcement mechanisms, inconsistent national regulations and priorities, a dearth of comprehensive data reporting, insufficient monitoring and verification systems, and a lack of funding for the adoption of sustainable practices. The study comes to the conclusion that in order to improve the sustainability of the E&P industry, it is imperative to develop collaboration, harmonize standards, improve monitoring and reporting, and provide financial support. Furthermore, attaining a sustainable and responsible future in energy exploration and production requires sustained efforts toward global cooperation and shared accountability.

Keywords exploration and production;hydrocarbons;natural resources;energy sector;environmental challenges;sustainability;ecosystem.

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