Abdolmajid Fadaei Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Health, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran Proceedings of the International Academy of Ecology and Environmental Sciences ISSN 2220-8860 http://www.iaees.org/publications/journals/piaees/online-version.asp 2025 15 1 19 39 International Academy of Ecology and Environmental Sciences Hong Kong 15 October 2024 10 November 2024 1 March 2025 adsorption bioremediation wastewater water treatment vanadium removal Vanadium (V) contamination is a growing environmental hazard worldwide. Elimination of vanadium from water and wastewater is necessary due to its potential harm to the ecosystem and human health. This study aims to present different technologies used for vanadium elimination from water and wastewater. Various treatment techniques used for vanadium elimination, including adsorption, phytoremediation, bioremediation, chemical precipitation, electro-oxidation, membrane filtration, and photocatalysis process, have been considered widely by researchers and revealed acceptable findings. The focus of this review is on adsorption and biological remediation for vanadium elimination from aqueous environments. Based on the findings of this study, vanadium elimination via the adsorption method with a removal performance of 1.61-1428.57 mg/g is very effective. The highest vanadium level of 13980 ug/L was achieved in China and the lowest level of 21 ug/L was found in the USA in different waters. This study prepares a basis for the development of highperformance vanadium removal techniques that are appropriate for actual applications. http://www.iaees.org/publications/journals/piaees/articles/2025-15(1)/vanadium-removal-from-water-and-wastewater.pdf