International Academy of Ecology and Environmental Sciences Proceedings of the International Academy of Ecology and Environmental Sciences 2220-8860 16 1 2026 3 1 Reclaiming oligotrophic agricultural land using FA as a soil conditioner: Integrating organic and inorganic materials to improve soil ecosystem for better crop productivity 18-34 EN Anjali Verma Chandralekha Piparia Santosh Kumar Prajapati http://www.iaees.org/publications/journals/piaees/articles/2026-16(1)/reclaiming-oligotrophic-agricultural-land.pdf> FA (FA), a byproduct of coal combustion, is produced in large quantities globally and poses significant environmental challenges. FA also has potential as a soil amendment in agriculture due to its nutrient content and ability to improve soil properties. Despite the establishment of guidelines for FA use in agriculture by regulatory bodies, its utilization in this sector remains limited. The presence of harmful substances and application challenges are among the negative aspects of FA that require further research and development. The combustion technique influences the properties and potential uses of FA, with pulverized coal combustion (PCC) producing more consistent FA compared to fluidized bed combustion (FBC) technology. Reclamation and revegetation of FA disposal sites are crucial for converting these areas into environmentally viable landscapes. However, the unique characteristics of FA, such as high pH, limited water-holding capacity, and potential heavy metal content, make the restoration process challenging. Strategies for effective reclamation and revegetation include soil amendment, plant introduction, and ongoing monitoring. The use of organic amendments, integrated organic/biotechnological approaches, and phytoremediation with metal-accumulating plants have shown promise in improving substrate properties and stabilizing heavy metals. Native plants play a vital role in the eco-restoration of FA deposits due to their adaptability to harsh conditions. Plant-based reclamation and revegetation of FA disposal sites offer a practical solution to address environmental concerns and enhance the ecological value of these areas.