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Proceedings of the International Academy of Ecology and Environmental Sciences, 2025, 15(4): 132-140
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Article

Colchicine-induced morphological and cytological changes in potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) root tips

Marvin James R. Coloma, Janiah Faith M. Guerrero, Aliyah Lhuk B. Piawan, Jerick A. Viz
DOST - Philippine Science High School - Ilocos Region Campus, Poblacion East, San Ildefonso, Ilocos Sur 2728, the Philippines

Received 16 August 2025;Accepted 20 September 2025;Published online 10 November 2025;Published 1 December 2025
IAEES

Abstract
Artificial polyploidization through colchicine treatment can enhance plant morphological traits. This study evaluated the effects of six colchicine concentrations (0, 0.5, 1, 2, 4, and 8 mg/mL) on root length, root base diameter, root surface area, cell size, nucleus size, and chromosome number in locally grown potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) collected from Laoag City, Ilocos Norte, Philippines. Root samples were analyzed through quantitative measurements and microscopic examination after fixation and staining, with statistical differences determined using one-way ANOVA. The 1 mg/mL treatment (T2) consistently produced the highest values for all measured parameters and showed significant differences (p < 0.05) compared to other treatments and the control. Observed increases in cell and nucleus size suggest possible polyploidy induction, although chromosome counts could not be confirmed due to staining limitations. Overall, optimal colchicine concentrations improved both macroscopic and microscopic traits, whereas higher doses were detrimental. These results identify 1 mg/mL colchicine as a promising concentration for enhancing root traits in potato, warranting further whole-plant evaluation for varietal improvement.

Keywords cell size;crop varietal enhancement;microscopy;nucleus size;polyploidy.


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